Sunflowers: Everything You Need to Know

Sunflowers aren’t just the towering giants you see in farm fields — they come in all shapes, sizes, and colors. From petite 2–3 foot varieties to sturdy mid-sized blooms, and in shades of yellow, bronze, orange, and even chocolate brown, sunflowers are as versatile as they are cheerful. Whether planted in beds, borders, or big porch pots, these blooms are an instant mood lifter and a homestead favorite.

Their name comes from their sun-like appearance, but also from their habit of heliotropism — young flower heads turning to follow the sun across the sky. Few plants embody summer quite like a sunflower.

A Little History Lesson

Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) are native to North America, where Indigenous peoples cultivated them as food and medicine for thousands of years. Spanish explorers carried them back to Europe in the 1500s, where they became prized as ornamentals and for their oil-rich seeds. Today, sunflowers are grown worldwide as a symbol of warmth, joy, and resilience.

Where They’ll Grow

• USDA Zones: 2–11 (grown as annuals).
• Light: Full sun is non-negotiable — 6–8 hours minimum.
• Soil: Well-draining, loose soil. They’ll tolerate poor soils, but richer soil grows taller stalks and bigger blooms.
• Containers: Smaller or dwarf sunflowers grow beautifully in porch pots. Use at least a 5-gallon container for medium varieties.

Seasonal Care

• Spring: Sow seeds directly in the ground (or in pots) after frost danger has passed. They don’t transplant well because of their long taproots.
• Summer: Water deeply once a week to encourage strong root systems. Support taller stalks with stakes if needed. Deadhead spent flowers to encourage more blooms on branching varieties.
• Fall: Allow flower heads to mature fully if saving seeds. The back of the head turns brown and dry when ready.
• Winter: Plants die back after frost, but seed heads can be left as natural bird feeders.

Propagation

Sunflowers are best grown from seed. Luckily, they sprout fast and grow vigorously.

From Seed

1. Sow seeds directly in soil 1–2 inches deep and 6–12 inches apart, depending on the variety.
2. Thin seedlings to the strongest plants once they reach 6 inches tall.
3. For continuous blooms, sow new seeds every 2–3 weeks until midsummer.

Saving Seeds

1. Wait until the flower head has fully dried on the stalk. The back should be brown and crisp.
2. Cut the head off, leaving about 12 inches of stalk attached.
3. Hang upside down in a dry, airy spot until completely dried.
4. Removing seeds: Rub your hand firmly across the face of the flower head, or use your thumb to push seeds out. For stubborn seeds, wear garden gloves or use the blunt edge of a butter knife to help loosen them.
5. Store seeds in a cool, dry place inside paper envelopes or jars until next season.

Fun Facts & Folklore

• Sunflowers symbolize loyalty, positivity, and strength in many cultures.
• Each head isn’t just one flower — it’s hundreds of tiny florets packed with nectar and seeds.
• Birds, bees, and butterflies love them, making them a pollinator-friendly choice for every garden.
• They come in varieties from dwarf “Teddy Bear” to branching multi-colored heirlooms like “Autumn Beauty.”

Tips From the Porch

• Plant sunflowers behind shorter plants for a beautiful backdrop.
• Mix different heights and colors for a striking display — bronze, orange, yellow, and bicolors make a stunning mix.
• Keep soil slightly moist until seedlings are established, then water deeply and less often.
• Cut flower heads early in the morning for longer-lasting bouquets.

Bottom Line

Sunflowers are pure joy to grow — whether tall or short, golden or bronze, single-headed or branching. They’re easy, versatile, and bring beauty, food, and pollinators to your porch, patio, or garden. With their radiant faces and abundant seeds, they’re a gift that keeps on giving year after year.

Marigolds: Everything You Need to Know

Marigolds are the bright, cheerful workhorses of the garden. Known for their golden, orange, and red blooms, these hardy annuals bring color, fragrance, and pest-fighting power to flower beds, borders, and containers. They’re often one of the first flowers kids plant, thanks to their easy germination and quick growth.

The name “marigold” comes from “Mary’s Gold,” once used in religious ceremonies. Today, they’re beloved as one of the easiest, most rewarding flowers to grow on any porch or patio.

A Little History Lesson

Marigolds originated in the Americas, especially Mexico and Central America, where they were sacred to the Aztecs. Spanish explorers carried seeds back to Europe in the 1500s, and they quickly became popular across the world. In Mexico, marigolds are still deeply tied to Día de los Muertos celebrations, symbolizing the sun and guiding spirits with their bright color and strong scent.

Where They’ll Grow

• USDA Zones: Grown as annuals everywhere, but they thrive best in zones 2–11 during the warm season.
• Light: Full sun for best flowering (6–8 hours daily).
• Soil: Well-draining, average garden soil. They aren’t fussy and tolerate poor soils as long as drainage is good.
• Containers: Perfect in pots, window boxes, and porch planters. They mix well with herbs and vegetables.

Seasonal Care

• Spring: Start seeds indoors 4–6 weeks before the last frost, or sow directly outdoors once soil warms. Transplant seedlings after frost danger has passed.
• Summer: Deadhead spent blooms to keep flowers coming. Provide steady water, but don’t let them sit in soggy soil.
• Fall: They’ll keep blooming until frost takes them down. Gather seeds for next year before the first freeze.
• Winter: Marigolds are annuals and won’t survive frost, but their seeds store well for the next season.

Propagation

Marigolds are easiest to propagate from seed, but you can also start them from cuttings.

From Seed

1. Collect dried seed heads after the flowers fade and turn brown.
2. Gently pull out the long, black-and-white seeds inside.
3. Store seeds in a cool, dry envelope or jar until spring.
4. Plant 1/4" deep in warm soil or seed trays. Germination takes 5–7 days.

From Cuttings (Less Common)

• Take 4–6 inch green stem cuttings before flowering.
• Strip lower leaves and place in moist soil or water until roots form.
• Transplant into pots or garden beds.

Fun Facts & Folklore

• Marigolds repel common garden pests like aphids and nematodes.
• In India, marigolds are used in wedding garlands and religious festivals.
• The petals are edible and sometimes called “poor man’s saffron” when used to color rice or soups.
• In Mexico, marigolds (cempasúchil) are the “flower of the dead,” guiding loved ones home with their fragrance.

Tips From the Porch

• Plant marigolds around tomatoes, peppers, and beans to help deter pests.
• Mix colors — bright oranges, sunny yellows, and fiery reds look stunning in porch pots.
• Pinch back young plants to encourage bushier growth and more blooms.
• Water at the base of the plant to avoid mildew on leaves.

Bottom Line

Marigolds are one of the easiest and most rewarding flowers you can grow. They brighten porches and patios, protect vegetable gardens, and bring cultural and historical richness to your home. With their cheerful blooms and simple care, they’re a must-have for any homestead garden.